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WEBVTT 1 00:01:46.106 --> 00:01:53.826 <i>2,500 years ago, the Greek philosopher Plato wrote of an island he called Atlantis...</i> 2 00:01:55.023 --> 00:01:58.459 <i>..that was swallowed up by the sea in a single day and night.</i> 3 00:02:00.577 --> 00:02:02.580 <i>Vanishing without a trace.</i> 4 00:02:05.818 --> 00:02:10.490 <i>Ever since, people have wondered where this mysterious island might have been,</i> 5 00:02:11.523 --> 00:02:13.580 <i>or whether it was all just a myth.</i> 6 00:02:16.589 --> 00:02:18.529 <i>New research suggests that</i> 7 00:02:18.973 --> 00:02:21.376 <i>Plato's story was based on real events.</i> 8 00:02:21.941 --> 00:02:26.061 <i>Tantalising evidence uncovered on a Greek island of Santorini</i> 9 00:02:26.288 --> 00:02:32.440 <i>has revealed an incredible civilization advanced beyond it's time,</i> 10 00:02:32.732 --> 00:02:38.045 <i>Destroyed by the greatest natural disaster of the Ancient world.</i> 11 00:02:39.877 --> 00:02:42.233 <i>Based on the latest scientific research,</i> 12 00:02:43.153 --> 00:02:44.299 <i>this is the story</i> 13 00:02:45.054 --> 00:02:46.863 <i>of an incredible island,</i> 14 00:02:47.299 --> 00:02:48.615 <i>the people that lived there...</i> 15 00:02:49.262 --> 00:02:56.666 <i>..and the extraordinary last days that inspired the legend of Atlantis.</i> 16 00:02:58.364 --> 00:03:04.286 A T L A N T I S 17 00:03:55.846 --> 00:04:03.207 <i>3,500 years ago, the Greek islands were home to a powerful and advanced Bronze Age civilisation...</i> 18 00:04:03.740 --> 00:04:06.464 <i>..one that rivalled the Egypt of the Pharaohs.</i> 19 00:04:09.773 --> 00:04:11.866 <i>These were the Minoans.</i> 20 00:04:19.568 --> 00:04:26.518 <i>In this world, powerful priestesses presided over strange and dangerous rituals.</i> 21 00:04:40.287 --> 00:04:42.647 Not bad for Cretens. 22 00:04:43.031 --> 00:04:46.231 No offence. - You think your son can better that? 23 00:04:48.300 --> 00:04:50.681 He's Theran. 24 00:05:05.515 --> 00:05:07.189 He's handsome, isn't he? 25 00:05:07.626 --> 00:05:10.055 Did you choose him for you mother, or for me? 26 00:05:11.732 --> 00:05:14.273 My son is the finest athlete in the whole of Thera. 27 00:05:14.698 --> 00:05:16.352 We're all terribly impressed, Rusa. 28 00:05:21.524 --> 00:05:26.391 <i>Plato wrote of great bulls roaming the temples of Atlantis.</i> 29 00:05:28.130 --> 00:05:31.642 <i>And the bull was certainly central to Minoan culture.</i> 30 00:05:32.052 --> 00:05:34.938 Hear me great Poseidon, creator of the earth and sea. Lend me the courage 31 00:05:35.212 --> 00:05:37.751 of our forefathers and accept this wine as an offering. 32 00:05:39.856 --> 00:05:46.020 <i>So important was the bull that it gave birth to the legend of the man-killing minotaur.</i> 33 00:05:49.441 --> 00:05:51.920 <i>Half human, half beast.</i> 34 00:07:18.556 --> 00:07:19.486 Yishharu, you OK? 35 00:07:24.220 --> 00:07:26.001 You've shamed us all! 36 00:07:26.570 --> 00:07:28.399 Go home! 37 00:07:37.252 --> 00:07:42.547 <i>Bull leaping is thought to have been an important initiation rite for young Minoan men.</i> 38 00:07:43.505 --> 00:07:45.131 <i>And possibly even women.</i> 39 00:07:49.149 --> 00:07:54.902 <i>A spectacle performed all over Crete in temple palaces like this one at Knossos,</i> 40 00:07:56.780 --> 00:08:01.302 <i>a massive complex the size of four football fields</i> 41 00:08:01.681 --> 00:08:08.217 <i>1300 quartyards, halls and chambers</i> 42 00:08:11.817 --> 00:08:15.501 <i>At a time when most Europians was still living in a mud house</i> 43 00:08:17.762 --> 00:08:21.269 <i>This was the cradle of Western civilisation.</i> 44 00:08:27.488 --> 00:08:29.734 For Queracio goddess of Thera. 45 00:08:31.160 --> 00:08:33.704 You've made a good mariage to a good family. 46 00:08:42.920 --> 00:08:46.920 Your future is secured. - I know yours is father. 47 00:08:49.066 --> 00:08:50.975 We're all set. 48 00:08:52.922 --> 00:08:54.045 Where's Yishharu? 49 00:08:54.522 --> 00:08:56.085 I was thinking I might leave him here. 50 00:08:56.369 --> 00:09:01.743 Save us all the embarrassment. - He's a boy. 51 00:09:02.017 --> 00:09:04.134 The wife creates the man. 52 00:09:07.035 --> 00:09:08.188 Come on. 53 00:09:14.575 --> 00:09:18.568 Don't worry, your prescious doughter is safe with me. 54 00:09:31.955 --> 00:09:33.906 Men, pull. Pull. 55 00:09:33.906 --> 00:09:38.768 <i>Minoans wealth was built on mastery of the sea.</i> 56 00:09:46.990 --> 00:09:53.404 <i>Their powerfull fleeth dominated the trade network of the Mediterranaen.</i> 57 00:09:54.642 --> 00:09:59.644 <i>Positioned in the hart of this network, between Europe, Africa and Asia</i> 58 00:09:59.842 --> 00:10:01.811 <i>was Crete,</i> 59 00:10:01.811 --> 00:10:06.541 <i>The strategic center of Minoan power.</i> 60 00:10:06.478 --> 00:10:10.892 <i>And 70 miles North was the island of Thera.</i> 61 00:10:10.893 --> 00:10:14.011 <i>Known today as Santorini.</i> 62 00:10:15.036 --> 00:10:20.347 <i>In 1620 BC this was the setting for a disaster that would trigger,</i> 63 00:10:20.347 --> 00:10:24.338 <i>the downfall of Minoan civilization.</i> 64 00:10:31.182 --> 00:10:34.533 You let me down, in front of my bussines partner. 65 00:10:40.902 --> 00:10:42.231 Ground shook! 66 00:10:42.873 --> 00:10:44.198 That's before is the bull. 67 00:10:44.199 --> 00:10:46.993 Your hand was shaking when you touch the ground. You were nervous! 68 00:10:46.994 --> 00:10:49.313 Maybe it was a sign! - Sign? You haven't practiced enough! 69 00:10:50.977 --> 00:10:53.303 You shamed me Yishharu, 70 00:10:54.439 --> 00:10:56.180 ...you shamed Thera. 71 00:10:56.482 --> 00:10:58.446 I wasn't shamed. 72 00:11:04.597 --> 00:11:06.877 Admiring our beautifull island. 73 00:11:08.436 --> 00:11:10.585 A jewell created by the gods in the center of the ocean. 74 00:11:10.585 --> 00:11:12.297 Perhaps we should make an offering. 75 00:11:13.190 --> 00:11:15.891 Well, thanks! Bull didn't kill you. 76 00:11:15.892 --> 00:11:18.835 Something was wrong. I felt! 77 00:11:23.944 --> 00:11:25.637 What's that? 78 00:11:45.071 --> 00:11:47.347 <i>Later described Atlantis,</i> 79 00:11:47.348 --> 00:11:53.144 <i>As an Island consisting of circular belts of sea and land.</i> 80 00:11:53.145 --> 00:11:55.057 <i>Reconstructions of Thera,</i> 81 00:11:55.380 --> 00:11:58.965 <i>show how well it fits that description.</i> 82 00:12:02.191 --> 00:12:05.179 <i>The islands unusuall landscape</i> 83 00:12:05.180 --> 00:12:10.623 <i>had been shaped by the most powerfull geological forces on the planet.</i> 84 00:12:13.369 --> 00:12:19.049 <i>The Therans were living on a massive volcano.</i> 85 00:12:26.594 --> 00:12:28.585 When did this start? - Two days ago, master. 86 00:12:29.416 --> 00:12:30.817 Two days? 87 00:12:33.961 --> 00:12:36.045 You, pass me some fish. Can I have two? 88 00:12:37.158 --> 00:12:38.522 Where are you going with those? 89 00:12:38.723 --> 00:12:40.347 Poseidon's island. 90 00:12:40.347 --> 00:12:44.650 I've got an offering to make. -You have a feast to attend. -I won't be late. 91 00:13:01.104 --> 00:13:04.478 <i>Thera was too small to be self sufficient</i> 92 00:13:04.479 --> 00:13:07.058 <i>but this Geographical position</i> 93 00:13:07.058 --> 00:13:08.216 <i>Made it the key trading hub within the Mediterranian.</i> 94 00:13:16.178 --> 00:13:19.197 <i>It's merchants acted as middleman,</i> 95 00:13:19.198 --> 00:13:23.269 <i>trading metal, olive oil, vine, pottery and spices</i> 96 00:13:23.270 --> 00:13:28.141 <i>from Africa and Asia, and other parts of Europe.</i> 97 00:13:36.437 --> 00:13:39.314 <i>Evidence of this wealth can be seen today</i> 98 00:13:39.727 --> 00:13:46.841 <i>Their streets were lined with multi-storey houses, decorated with elaborate wall paintings.</i> 99 00:13:49.068 --> 00:13:52.471 <i>They built the world's first indoor toilets, connected</i> 100 00:13:53.019 --> 00:14:00.690 <i>to an underground sewage system - a luxury most Europeans would not enjoy for another 2,000 years.</i> 101 00:14:08.145 --> 00:14:12.654 <i>Presiding over this prosperous society was the priesthood.</i> 102 00:14:31.310 --> 00:14:33.172 My son's wife, Pinaruti. 103 00:14:34.209 --> 00:14:35.806 Welcome. 104 00:14:36.142 --> 00:14:38.938 I've brought you oil, to honour your island goddess. 105 00:14:39.754 --> 00:14:41.678 That's for the high priestess, not for me. 106 00:14:43.016 --> 00:14:45.364 Come, I'll take you to her. 107 00:15:06.418 --> 00:15:09.702 High priestess? Yishharu's wife. 108 00:15:12.991 --> 00:15:17.759 Oil from the fields of sacred Mount Juktas to honour your island goddess. 109 00:15:22.546 --> 00:15:24.106 Come with me. 110 00:15:33.123 --> 00:15:37.533 <i>Minoan women were remarkably independent and influential.</i> 111 00:15:43.491 --> 00:15:47.549 <i>The most influential of all were the priestesses.</i> 112 00:15:52.926 --> 00:15:55.859 <i>Their role was to communicate with the gods,</i> 113 00:15:56.172 --> 00:15:58.213 <i>often through elaborate rituals,</i> 114 00:15:58.451 --> 00:16:02.115 <i>in which saffron seems to have been used as a hallucinogenic.</i> 115 00:16:04.158 --> 00:16:06.669 Queracio welcomes you to Thera, Pinaruti. 116 00:16:07.465 --> 00:16:09.759 And we welcome you in her name. 117 00:16:09.986 --> 00:16:13.022 Join us to give thanks for your safe arrival here. 118 00:16:24.835 --> 00:16:26.650 Don't forget your offering. 119 00:16:28.715 --> 00:16:35.883 <i>Like other ancient civilisations, the Minoans believed that all things were inhabited by gods.</i> 120 00:16:44.852 --> 00:16:49.888 <i>There were gods for every natural phenomenon, from childbirth</i> 121 00:16:50.159 --> 00:16:55.267 <i>to earthquakes, to stormy seas, to mountain peaks.</i> 122 00:17:00.414 --> 00:17:07.889 <i>These gods weren't all seen as benign and merciful, but as temperamental and sometimes vindictive.</i> 123 00:17:40.632 --> 00:17:44.800 <i>Offerings were made by those seeking favour from the gods.</i> 124 00:17:45.802 --> 00:17:53.893 <i>And it was through ritual ceremonies that the priesthood sought clarity on the gods' desires.</i> 125 00:18:29.267 --> 00:18:34.497 <i>But in 1620 BC, the Minoans' complex belief system was</i> 126 00:18:34.780 --> 00:18:41.094 <i>about to be blown apart by geological forces beyond their understanding.</i> 127 00:19:07.732 --> 00:19:09.921 It's OK, Pinaruti. 128 00:19:17.321 --> 00:19:20.861 <i>One of the first signs that the volcano was stirring would have been</i> 129 00:19:21.029 --> 00:19:26.395 <i>hydrothermal explosions triggered by superheated ground water.</i> 130 00:19:33.705 --> 00:19:35.518 You saw something. 131 00:19:36.922 --> 00:19:39.276 What was it? 132 00:19:39.277 --> 00:19:41.979 I don't know. I don't understand. 133 00:19:42.536 --> 00:19:43.918 Try. 134 00:19:51.694 --> 00:19:53.883 It was Yishharu. 135 00:19:55.265 --> 00:19:56.819 He was in danger. 136 00:19:58.135 --> 00:19:59.804 What kind of danger? 137 00:20:06.641 --> 00:20:09.351 The sacrificial axe was dripping in blood. 138 00:20:11.150 --> 00:20:12.948 His blood. 139 00:20:14.539 --> 00:20:17.385 Why would I see something like that? 140 00:20:20.562 --> 00:20:26.168 Sometimes our visions don't come from the gods, but from our own fears. 141 00:20:27.658 --> 00:20:30.026 This place is strange to you. 142 00:20:32.778 --> 00:20:35.873 And perhaps you're unsure of your husband. 143 00:20:40.994 --> 00:20:42.982 Come. 144 00:20:43.377 --> 00:20:45.626 We have a celebration to prepare for. 145 00:21:28.689 --> 00:21:33.375 We're here to welcome my son's new wife, Pinaruti. 146 00:21:37.097 --> 00:21:40.384 She's the daughter of my loyal business companion, Piteri. 147 00:21:40.820 --> 00:21:44.073 She is a Cretan, but let's not hold that against her. 148 00:21:58.237 --> 00:22:01.339 Ah, good of you to join us, Yishharu. 149 00:22:06.910 --> 00:22:08.150 Welcome. 150 00:22:13.306 --> 00:22:16.171 Now, I've seen many things in this world. 151 00:22:16.884 --> 00:22:18.536 Dolphins in the Straits of Hazim. 152 00:22:19.680 --> 00:22:22.528 I've chased dolphins across the Straits of Hazim. 153 00:22:24.162 --> 00:22:27.741 I've loaded my ships with treasures from Egypt. 154 00:22:28.198 --> 00:22:30.929 I've fought pirates off the shores of Elias. 155 00:22:30.715 --> 00:22:34.968 But none of it compares to the magnificence of this beautiful island. 156 00:22:35.132 --> 00:22:40.175 But none of it, none it compares to the magnificence of this island. 157 00:22:40.667 --> 00:22:43.919 An island I like to believe I've played a small part in making great. 158 00:22:44.795 --> 00:22:46.518 Sorry I was late. 159 00:22:46.826 --> 00:22:48.478 Without Cretan middlemen... 160 00:22:49.461 --> 00:22:50.495 Did you make your offering? 161 00:22:53.405 --> 00:22:55.439 Something happened at the sanctuary. 162 00:22:56.623 --> 00:22:59.794 The ground cracked. There was this fountain of boiling water. 163 00:23:00.075 --> 00:23:01.293 I don't know where it came from. 164 00:23:01.965 --> 00:23:05.187 It was as if the whole island was... Was being torn apart. 165 00:23:06.770 --> 00:23:08.895 At the bull leaping, you said that the ground shook. 166 00:23:10.104 --> 00:23:11.578 You should tell your father. 167 00:23:23.803 --> 00:23:28.720 I had hoped that my only son would follow in my wake and take to the seas. 168 00:23:29.641 --> 00:23:35.600 Until now he's put his blood and sweat into bulls, and temple priestesses. 169 00:23:39.530 --> 00:23:42.651 Here's hoping that his wife can make a better man of him. 170 00:23:46.001 --> 00:23:47.424 He's drunk, let's go. 171 00:23:47.905 --> 00:23:52.736 We can't. This is in our honour. - You think this is for us? 172 00:24:18.585 --> 00:24:20.875 My advice to anyone who marries is this. 173 00:24:24.814 --> 00:24:26.447 Enjoy every day, 174 00:24:27.860 --> 00:24:32.008 because you never know when the gods will decide to take away what is most precious to you. 175 00:24:32.383 --> 00:24:35.889 They've blessed you, Rusa. 176 00:25:27.753 --> 00:25:31.108 You tell us that they want us to do this, do that. 177 00:25:32.018 --> 00:25:35.819 We do it because you say so. 178 00:25:35.820 --> 00:25:40.592 But still they punish us. - This is intolerable. 179 00:25:41.599 --> 00:25:44.203 I don't speak to you. 180 00:25:44.204 --> 00:25:48.069 Rusa you giving us a wonderfull... - Will dispower over us. 181 00:25:48.199 --> 00:25:50.080 You tell us you know the gods will. 182 00:25:50.424 --> 00:25:53.545 But, they don't speak to you! 183 00:26:21.026 --> 00:26:21.551 Yishharu! 184 00:26:22.551 --> 00:26:23.333 Yishharu! 185 00:27:01.391 --> 00:27:02.719 Get down! 186 00:27:13.443 --> 00:27:15.266 Where's Yishharu? - I don't know. 187 00:27:26.060 --> 00:27:30.921 <i>One of the Minoans' most powerful gods was the Earth Shaker.</i> 188 00:27:33.183 --> 00:27:35.172 <i>And for good reason.</i> 189 00:27:38.215 --> 00:27:43.580 <i>Structural damage uncovered on Thera shows that around 1620 BC</i> 190 00:27:44.356 --> 00:27:47.285 <i>they were exposed to an enormous earthquake.</i> 191 00:27:47.716 --> 00:27:50.960 <i>Measuring more than seven on the Richter scale.</i> 192 00:27:58.421 --> 00:28:03.033 <i>Their buildings were designed to withstand minor tremors and quakes.</i> 193 00:28:03.885 --> 00:28:07.806 <i>Thick timber frames had been used to give them extra strength.</i> 194 00:28:09.788 --> 00:28:16.573 <i>Until finally, this quake, strong enough to shatter these stone steps,</i> 195 00:28:17.596 --> 00:28:23.313 <i>set in motion an irreversible chain of events for the people of Thera.</i> 196 00:28:27.570 --> 00:28:28.754 Stay still. 197 00:29:10.901 --> 00:29:11.642 Hey, little lady. 198 00:29:13.742 --> 00:29:15.164 Has your husband left you already? 199 00:29:18.614 --> 00:29:19.834 You should try the temple. 200 00:29:20.842 --> 00:29:22.328 He used to find his peace there. 201 00:30:21.832 --> 00:30:22.767 Quick! Over here. 202 00:30:28.355 --> 00:30:29.490 Is he all right? 203 00:30:31.307 --> 00:30:32.292 Looks like he's alive. 204 00:30:38.702 --> 00:30:39.755 Hold on, there's someone else. 205 00:31:27.793 --> 00:31:30.910 We need to get this town back on it's feet. 206 00:31:34.683 --> 00:31:39.750 All your messing around, married now, it's going to stop. 207 00:31:39.751 --> 00:31:41.708 It has. 208 00:31:42.496 --> 00:31:44.166 It wasn't what it look like. 209 00:31:44.167 --> 00:31:46.962 You expect your new wife to belive that. 210 00:31:47.783 --> 00:31:49.925 What can I do, what can I say? - Nothing! 211 00:31:49.926 --> 00:31:52.812 Only you know why you went to the Templ. 212 00:31:53.342 --> 00:31:56.984 Pinaruti only knows what she saw. Or we also. 213 00:31:56.985 --> 00:31:59.287 There is no excuse for you done. 214 00:32:05.504 --> 00:32:07.279 Listen, 215 00:32:07.280 --> 00:32:10.215 you think fight and damage challenging bull is brave, 216 00:32:11.041 --> 00:32:15.521 believe me, marriage is the true test of courage. 217 00:32:16.280 --> 00:32:23.502 Besides, father is important bussines ally, not if she decides to divorce you. 218 00:32:28.521 --> 00:32:33.250 <i>A legal code discovered on Crete, suggests that Minoan women</i> 219 00:32:33.451 --> 00:32:38.084 <i>had more rights in marriage, then an any other society at the time.</i> 220 00:32:41.281 --> 00:32:45.906 <i>If they divorced, women were in title to reclaim the dowry.</i> 221 00:32:50.382 --> 00:32:56.844 <i>In cases of adultery, only the men were punished.</i> 222 00:33:13.597 --> 00:33:15.772 Look, I only went to the temple to get away from my father. 223 00:33:16.739 --> 00:33:17.834 I didn't know she'd be there. 224 00:33:18.800 --> 00:33:21.944 I don't want your excuses. Everyone knows what you've been doing with that woman. 225 00:33:23.617 --> 00:33:25.129 Even your father jokes about it. 226 00:33:26.623 --> 00:33:28.789 You've humiliated me, Yishharu. 227 00:33:29.162 --> 00:33:30.717 I won't stand for it. 228 00:33:31.684 --> 00:33:33.291 As soon as I knew she was there, I told her... 229 00:33:33.535 --> 00:33:34.721 You told her it was over. 230 00:33:36.715 --> 00:33:38.437 I told her that... - It was a goodbye. 231 00:33:45.005 --> 00:33:46.357 Yeah, it was goodbye. 232 00:33:54.237 --> 00:33:56.837 We need to restore normality as soon as possible. 233 00:33:57.970 --> 00:34:00.035 Get them back into their homes. - It's too soon. 234 00:34:03.656 --> 00:34:05.300 Their homes aren't safe yet. 235 00:34:06.089 --> 00:34:09.148 The houses may be damaged, but most of them are still standing. 236 00:34:11.927 --> 00:34:14.812 The houses have been weakened. We need to make them safe before the people return. 237 00:34:15.096 --> 00:34:19.475 And expect people to leave everything behind for thieves to steal? 238 00:34:22.440 --> 00:34:23.704 Anything of value can be safely stored. 239 00:34:24.301 --> 00:34:26.928 In the basements or under the door frames where the buildings are strongest. 240 00:34:27.493 --> 00:34:29.035 Then we seal up the doors. 241 00:34:33.228 --> 00:34:35.449 And the people go where? 242 00:34:35.827 --> 00:34:38.241 You expect them to camp in the streets? 243 00:34:40.704 --> 00:34:43.595 I move them out of the city while we repair the buildings. 244 00:34:44.860 --> 00:34:46.241 Priestess? 245 00:34:48.137 --> 00:34:49.931 Enough lives have been lost. 246 00:34:50.838 --> 00:34:53.848 We set up camps until the houses can be made safe. 247 00:34:55.361 --> 00:34:56.921 And, Rusa, 248 00:34:57.346 --> 00:34:59.734 the buildings are not all we have to repair. 249 00:35:00.401 --> 00:35:02.273 You take care of the gods, priestess. 250 00:35:02.626 --> 00:35:03.946 I'll get the town up and running. 251 00:35:15.507 --> 00:35:19.677 <i>Archaeological evidence reveals that the earthquake damage was so severe</i> 252 00:35:20.245 --> 00:35:22.309 <i>that the Therans had to leave their homes.</i> 253 00:35:24.734 --> 00:35:27.127 <i>Their precious possessions were discovered stored</i> 254 00:35:27.658 --> 00:35:31.164 <i>beneath solid structures like wooden doorways and under beds.</i> 255 00:35:32.673 --> 00:35:35.942 <i>And the entrances to their houses were found sealed.</i> 256 00:35:39.846 --> 00:35:44.229 <i>Unlike Pompeii, no human remains have been found in the town,</i> 257 00:35:44.596 --> 00:35:50.821 <i>suggesting the islanders moved to temporary camps, imagining they'd be coming home soon.</i> 258 00:36:03.020 --> 00:36:08.620 <i>For over 17,000 years the magma chamber under Thera had been sealed,</i> 259 00:36:08.621 --> 00:36:12.798 <i>But the earthquake had fractured the chamber...</i> 260 00:36:12.799 --> 00:36:15.830 <i>Allowing the magma to rise.</i> 261 00:37:26.244 --> 00:37:28.896 You're as pious as a priestess, Pinaruti. 262 00:37:30.952 --> 00:37:34.471 There are others on this island who could learn from your example. 263 00:37:36.033 --> 00:37:37.265 Rusa? 264 00:37:40.589 --> 00:37:42.475 He lost a wife. 265 00:37:44.471 --> 00:37:48.955 And he blames the priestess for failing to placate the Goddess Eileithyia. 266 00:37:49.380 --> 00:37:51.455 She died during childbirth? 267 00:38:04.096 --> 00:38:06.124 They were only newly married. 268 00:38:08.698 --> 00:38:13.703 Ever since, he's found it difficult to put his trust in us. 269 00:38:15.720 --> 00:38:18.332 If we can't trust you, who can we trust? 270 00:38:42.450 --> 00:38:47.809 <i>As the magma rose it releases Sulfor, and other poisons gases.</i> 271 00:38:52.706 --> 00:38:57.921 <i>More omen signs of the intending erruption.</i> 272 00:39:01.230 --> 00:39:04.110 Are you sure it's safe to be this close? - It's fine. 273 00:39:09.368 --> 00:39:10.680 But what's that smell? 274 00:39:10.680 --> 00:39:11.968 It's like rotten eggs. 275 00:39:13.247 --> 00:39:14.363 That's the smell of the water. 276 00:39:14.808 --> 00:39:16.519 I believe it drives the bad spirits away. 277 00:39:18.606 --> 00:39:20.170 We don't know why it smells. 278 00:39:22.106 --> 00:39:24.150 Or why it's so lovely and hot. 279 00:39:27.603 --> 00:39:29.074 Come in, it's great! 280 00:39:38.653 --> 00:39:39.952 What's wrong? 281 00:39:40.300 --> 00:39:41.506 Yishharu. 282 00:39:42.138 --> 00:39:43.294 Yishharu, quick, get back. 283 00:39:59.407 --> 00:40:01.570 The ocean... The ocean is turning! 284 00:40:12.333 --> 00:40:14.496 You don't think this is a sign? 285 00:40:14.497 --> 00:40:18.345 Everyrhing is a sign, Yishharu, the nothing is a sign. 286 00:40:18.346 --> 00:40:21.051 If the gods are angry what, I'm to do about it? 287 00:40:21.345 --> 00:40:25.230 Send the courier to the Crete, to Piteri, tell him his cargo will sail in the morning, 288 00:40:25.230 --> 00:40:26.817 And that his doughter is safe. 289 00:40:28.113 --> 00:40:32.017 And instead of worring about dead fish, Yishharu, try keep it that way 290 00:40:44.700 --> 00:40:46.829 So what did he say? 291 00:40:46.830 --> 00:40:50.326 He says that everything is a sign and nothing is a sign. 292 00:40:51.333 --> 00:40:53.301 Doesn't take it seriously. 293 00:40:56.576 --> 00:40:58.750 A high priestess told me about your mother. 294 00:41:01.007 --> 00:41:01.988 I don't know her... 295 00:41:03.837 --> 00:41:05.163 ...Just a few hours old. 296 00:41:05.356 --> 00:41:07.877 And he blames the priestesses. 297 00:41:12.472 --> 00:41:14.381 Who do you blame? 298 00:41:14.382 --> 00:41:16.791 I don't know enough to know who to blame. 299 00:41:22.139 --> 00:41:24.468 I just wish I was better at understanding the gods. 300 00:41:32.955 --> 00:41:37.114 They're trying to tell us something. - Your father's a powerfuland and sensible man, Yishharu. 301 00:41:37.344 --> 00:41:38.641 When he talks, everyone listens to him. 302 00:41:40.712 --> 00:41:43.152 If you can just convince him that this is a warning from the gods. 303 00:41:43.375 --> 00:41:45.818 My father's faith in the gods ended when they stole my mother from me. 304 00:42:05.306 --> 00:42:08.021 Where are you going? - I need to talk to a priestess. 305 00:42:08.832 --> 00:42:10.100 High priestess. 306 00:42:10.373 --> 00:42:12.253 Bansabira will know what the gods want. 307 00:42:24.133 --> 00:42:26.425 <i>Pressure from rising magma</i> 308 00:42:26.427 --> 00:42:31.804 <i>blasted out a plug of rock that had blocked the mouth of the volcano for thousands of years.</i> 309 00:42:44.475 --> 00:42:46.314 <i>This was a pre-eruption.</i> 310 00:42:47.007 --> 00:42:49.965 <i>Simply the volcano clearing its throat.</i> 311 00:42:55.407 --> 00:42:59.382 <i>Previous generations would have witnessed small eruptions like this,</i> 312 00:43:02.014 --> 00:43:04.494 <i>and seen them as signs from the gods.</i> 313 00:43:06.113 --> 00:43:10.739 <i>Signs that the priesthood was expected to understand.</i> 314 00:43:11.000 --> 00:43:12.293 Priestess? 315 00:43:15.159 --> 00:43:16.214 What is this smell? 316 00:43:22.029 --> 00:43:23.298 What do we do? 317 00:43:26.291 --> 00:43:28.292 The Earth Shaker is speaking to us. 318 00:43:29.500 --> 00:43:32.307 Just as he spoke to our forefathers. 319 00:43:34.030 --> 00:43:36.329 We must respond as they did. 320 00:43:54.046 --> 00:43:57.784 <i>For the Minoans, there was no better way to appease unpredictable</i> 321 00:43:57.785 --> 00:44:01.566 <i>and violent gods than to make an offering.</i> 322 00:44:10.513 --> 00:44:13.872 <i>These were made at sanctuarys high at the mountains.</i> 323 00:44:13.873 --> 00:44:17.805 <i>The closest they could physicaly get to the gods.</i> 324 00:44:19.122 --> 00:44:22.628 <i>In Crete alone, 23 sites have been discovered,</i> 325 00:44:22.629 --> 00:44:26.378 <i>littered with a remains of thousands of clay figurines.</i> 326 00:44:29.548 --> 00:44:32.900 <i>Clay body parts were thoughts to be for healing.</i> 327 00:44:34.212 --> 00:44:38.209 <i>Clay animals, a plea for healthy lives.</i> 328 00:45:08.321 --> 00:45:10.954 Your father didn't seefit to join us. - He's busy. 329 00:45:12.072 --> 00:45:13.588 Is that so? 330 00:45:14.353 --> 00:45:16.712 Our mayor is too busy to honour the gods! 331 00:45:28.347 --> 00:45:30.211 Where is everyone? 332 00:45:30.970 --> 00:45:34.855 We'd nearly be done if my men didn't disapear at the mountain every time the earth shook. 333 00:45:38.566 --> 00:45:44.099 <i>Minoian peak sanctuaries have also been found littered with animal bones.</i> 334 00:45:45.178 --> 00:45:47.809 <i>Goats, sheep, pigs,</i> 335 00:45:48.574 --> 00:45:49.957 <i>even bulls.</i> 336 00:45:54.536 --> 00:45:57.048 <i>A sacrifice of blood,</i> 337 00:45:57.049 --> 00:46:01.224 <i>was thought to be the most powerful ofer in of all.</i> 338 00:46:39.798 --> 00:46:44.123 Poseidon, raging lord of the deep, 339 00:46:45.220 --> 00:46:48.564 Mover of the earth and the sea, 340 00:46:49.038 --> 00:46:51.486 Guardian of our fleet... 341 00:46:51.832 --> 00:46:55.335 we offer you the sacred blood of bulls. 342 00:46:56.522 --> 00:47:00.341 May it drown your anger, mighty dark-haired lord. 343 00:47:01.844 --> 00:47:06.425 Let us live in stillness and peace once more. 344 00:47:07.423 --> 00:47:11.365 Hail, Poseidon, ruler of the Earth and seven seas. 345 00:48:29.603 --> 00:48:34.712 <i>The priesthood's power hinged on its ability to keep the gods in check.</i> 346 00:48:51.597 --> 00:48:56.327 <i>But the forces unleashed beneath Thera were now unstoppable.</i> 347 00:49:27.783 --> 00:49:31.261 <i>From volcanic deposits, we know that the early stages of the eruption</i> 348 00:49:31.615 --> 00:49:34.856 <i>covered the island with a sprinkling of light ash.</i> 349 00:49:35.661 --> 00:49:38.580 <i>Enough to contaminate the water supply.</i> 350 00:49:43.309 --> 00:49:45.759 What are you doing? Are you trying to poison me?! 351 00:49:47.152 --> 00:49:48.888 She's trying to help! 352 00:49:49.659 --> 00:49:52.371 She's cursed. (- She says: "She's cursed") 353 00:49:52.372 --> 00:49:54.282 And this water is cursed. 354 00:49:54.283 --> 00:49:57.847 Get away from me! Go back where you came from! 355 00:50:00.222 --> 00:50:02.290 They're taking against Pinaruti. 356 00:50:03.921 --> 00:50:06.057 I'm sure she means no harm. 357 00:50:07.351 --> 00:50:10.966 This trouble began when SHE arrived here. You know that. 358 00:50:12.034 --> 00:50:16.083 Rusa brought her here and we know the gods don't favour him. 359 00:50:16.338 --> 00:50:19.701 Perhaps they're providing a way for both of us to get what we want. 360 00:50:47.943 --> 00:50:49.550 Forgive me, priestess. 361 00:50:51.643 --> 00:50:53.536 I think I know what Poseidon's asking for. 362 00:51:02.137 --> 00:51:03.152 Speak. 363 00:51:07.732 --> 00:51:09.879 I should have shared it earlier. 364 00:51:10.549 --> 00:51:13.030 When Pinaruti told me about her vision... 365 00:51:13.807 --> 00:51:17.265 Go on. - She saw a sacrifice. 366 00:51:19.136 --> 00:51:20.659 But it was not a bull. 367 00:51:22.853 --> 00:51:24.606 It was a person. 368 00:51:37.490 --> 00:51:38.550 Who? 369 00:51:43.110 --> 00:51:46.330 It was her own blood that was spilt. 370 00:51:49.230 --> 00:51:51.486 She was the sacrifice. 371 00:51:54.222 --> 00:51:56.359 Perhaps her vision 372 00:51:57.386 --> 00:52:01.589 is the gods' way of telling us that she's not welcome. 373 00:52:03.750 --> 00:52:05.637 She's cursed. 374 00:52:10.011 --> 00:52:12.195 Tell Yidini to gather the people. 375 00:52:12.704 --> 00:52:14.835 I will speak to them and restore order. 376 00:52:15.977 --> 00:52:23.863 But first I will consult with the gods and clarify what it is Poseidon asks for. 377 00:53:28.535 --> 00:53:31.212 <i>What would make this eruption different from any other</i> 378 00:53:31.384 --> 00:53:37.208 <i>the Therans had experienced was the interaction of two kinds of magma,</i> 379 00:53:37.886 --> 00:53:41.317 <i>triggering a catastrophic chemical reaction.</i> 380 00:53:47.922 --> 00:53:50.122 <i>This chemical reaction would thrust</i> 381 00:53:50.394 --> 00:53:56.111 <i>an estimated 150 billion tons of magma to the surface.</i> 382 00:54:06.897 --> 00:54:13.479 <i>And transform this eruption into the greatest disaster the ancient world had ever seen.</i> 383 00:54:14.193 --> 00:54:15.679 Hail, priestess. Hail, priestess. 384 00:54:17.336 --> 00:54:21.196 High priestess, the people wait to hear you. 385 00:54:43.729 --> 00:54:45.400 People of Thera. 386 00:54:46.693 --> 00:54:48.161 Everyone! 387 00:54:49.203 --> 00:54:50.890 Friends and colleagues. 388 00:54:52.404 --> 00:54:53.666 You must listen to me. 389 00:54:54.065 --> 00:54:55.325 This is preposterous. 390 00:54:58.249 --> 00:54:59.914 The blood of bulls is not enough. 391 00:55:01.014 --> 00:55:02.765 There is nothing more we can offer. 392 00:55:04.658 --> 00:55:06.548 The gods have given us enough warning. 393 00:55:07.320 --> 00:55:10.312 We must leave the island before it is too late. 394 00:55:11.979 --> 00:55:15.232 My fleet will sail at sunset. We will leave the island 395 00:55:16.497 --> 00:55:18.163 till it is safe to return. 396 00:55:20.674 --> 00:55:25.080 There is only one authority we can trust on this island. The truth. 397 00:55:35.218 --> 00:55:36.902 People of Thera, 398 00:55:38.229 --> 00:55:41.582 in order to restore peace on our island, 399 00:55:42.304 --> 00:55:44.090 Poseidon has asked for something more. 400 00:55:45.014 --> 00:55:49.552 What are you going to offer him now? Lions? Elephants? 401 00:55:52.390 --> 00:55:55.165 Until peace and calm can be restored, 402 00:55:55.896 --> 00:56:00.568 those that want to leave the island may do so. 403 00:56:01.211 --> 00:56:04.906 - You cannot stay here, surely? - You have to do your duty, Rusa. 404 00:56:06.001 --> 00:56:08.116 And I have to do mine. 405 00:56:12.853 --> 00:56:15.228 There will be another sacrifice. 406 00:56:17.745 --> 00:56:19.982 This time I... 407 00:56:20.796 --> 00:56:25.452 will undertake it on behalf of all of us. 408 00:57:27.932 --> 00:57:34.854 <i>A superheated column of gas, ash and rock blasted six miles into the stratosphere...</i> 409 00:57:35.824 --> 00:57:40.247 <i>..forming a mushroom cloud similar to an atomic bomb.</i> 410 00:57:41.434 --> 00:57:48.174 <i>This was a Plinian eruption, the most deadly of all volcanic events.</i> 411 00:57:53.618 --> 00:57:57.581 <i>The sound of the eruption was heard as far away as Egypt.</i> 412 00:57:58.225 --> 00:58:02.873 <i>And within minutes the plume would it be seen from Crete.</i> 413 00:58:12.981 --> 00:58:16.517 Everyone! We need to leave the island now. 414 00:58:16.850 --> 00:58:18.826 To stay here is madness. 415 00:58:19.062 --> 00:58:21.626 Everyone, follow me. To the ships. 416 00:58:28.800 --> 00:58:30.931 Get your things and meet me at the harbour. 417 00:58:32.412 --> 00:58:33.730 What now? 418 00:58:36.946 --> 00:58:38.740 We do as we planned. 419 00:58:39.018 --> 00:58:40.527 Bring me Pinaruti. 420 00:58:40.528 --> 00:58:42.791 We must fulfil the vision. 421 00:58:51.593 --> 00:58:54.198 What do you want? - We're here for her, not you. 422 00:58:55.202 --> 00:58:59.094 Why? What do you want with her? - High priestess orders... 423 00:58:59.095 --> 00:59:00.571 It's not your buiseness! 424 00:59:00.572 --> 00:59:03.978 She's my wife! That makes it my buisenes. 425 00:59:23.830 --> 00:59:26.536 We need every inch of every ship. 426 00:59:27.077 --> 00:59:29.553 OK, everybody. Cargo overboard. 427 00:59:36.062 --> 00:59:37.099 Make space, come on. 428 00:59:37.280 --> 00:59:38.964 Come on, move, move. 429 00:59:45.002 --> 00:59:47.558 We're leaving the city with my father. - You're free to go, Yishharu. 430 00:59:47.838 --> 00:59:49.360 We're BOTH leaving. - No! 431 00:59:50.462 --> 00:59:53.660 Pinaruti must fulfil her destiny. The gods have demanded it. 432 00:59:53.854 --> 00:59:54.919 Her destiny is with me. 433 00:59:57.888 --> 01:00:01.532 Your vision, Pinaruti, spelled out your destiny. 434 01:00:02.566 --> 01:00:06.092 We do not choose these things. The gods decide for us. 435 01:00:06.584 --> 01:00:08.571 We must ensure it is fulfilled. 436 01:00:10.156 --> 01:00:10.982 What vision? 437 01:00:13.686 --> 01:00:16.204 What vision?! - You said it wasn't clear. 438 01:00:18.785 --> 01:00:23.414 That it wasn't the gods speaking, it was my own fears. And it wasn't me! 439 01:00:29.843 --> 01:00:31.338 It's not what I saw. 440 01:00:35.072 --> 01:00:36.811 What did you see? 441 01:00:45.293 --> 01:00:46.696 Who did you see? 442 01:00:50.273 --> 01:00:51.205 Who did you see?! 443 01:01:03.496 --> 01:01:04.371 After them! 444 01:01:30.257 --> 01:01:31.930 Yishharu, where are you? 445 01:01:39.696 --> 01:01:42.953 It was Yishharu's blood she saw sacrificed. 446 01:01:44.340 --> 01:01:49.357 May Queracia forgive your deception, Ariad. I'm not sure I can. 447 01:01:59.154 --> 01:02:03.079 We know what the gods have asked for. The vision must be fulfilled. 448 01:02:03.341 --> 01:02:06.183 It wasn't clear enough. I don't think... - Start thinking. 449 01:02:06.745 --> 01:02:09.301 The gods are tearing Thera apart. 450 01:02:09.452 --> 01:02:12.583 If you can't tell us why, if you can't stop it, 451 01:02:12.764 --> 01:02:14.110 then what must the people think? 452 01:02:15.427 --> 01:02:19.076 Where is your power, Bansabira, if you can't appease the gods? 453 01:02:20.113 --> 01:02:24.655 They've demanded a life and have shown us who it must be. 454 01:02:33.508 --> 01:02:35.504 Find him. 455 01:02:42.844 --> 01:02:44.880 Keep going, come on. - I'm slowing you down. 456 01:03:01.364 --> 01:03:04.182 What are you doing? - If they catch you, they'll kill you. 457 01:03:05.010 --> 01:03:07.986 I'll get rid of them and comeback for you. - What if you don't? 458 01:03:10.239 --> 01:03:12.304 Then you must find my father and tell him what's happened? 459 01:03:13.075 --> 01:03:17.311 I'm scared, Yishharu. I'm scared of losing you. 460 01:04:17.000 --> 01:04:18.720 <i>In the first four hours of the eruption,</i> 461 01:04:19.173 --> 01:04:24.235 <i>the volcano ejected 5 billion tons of magma.</i> 462 01:04:26.991 --> 01:04:29.228 <i>Day rapidly turned to night,</i> 463 01:04:29.229 --> 01:04:33.538 <i>As volcanic ash began to smother the island.</i> 464 01:04:57.860 --> 01:04:59.641 You think killing me will stop this, Bansabira? 465 01:05:00.337 --> 01:05:01.741 The gods want us all dead! 466 01:05:04.980 --> 01:05:09.815 <i>As the magma cooled, it fell as pumice.</i> 467 01:05:15.706 --> 01:05:17.282 <i>Small stones and rocks</i> 468 01:05:17.529 --> 01:05:23.516 <i>filled with tiny bubbles of air, deathly as the begun to accumulate.</i> 469 01:05:24.007 --> 01:05:29.345 One at a time! Don't push! Master, we've got to set sail! 470 01:05:32.311 --> 01:05:34.281 We'll make room for everyone! 471 01:05:40.073 --> 01:05:44.816 We need to make for the ships. We should go, now! 472 01:05:48.114 --> 01:05:49.352 Look at him, Bansabira. 473 01:05:50.213 --> 01:05:52.327 Even your own people don't believe in this. 474 01:05:54.774 --> 01:06:00.079 If we leave now we can make to the ships. No one else has to die! 475 01:06:02.107 --> 01:06:03.237 Silence him! 476 01:06:06.460 --> 01:06:08.053 Forgive me. 477 01:06:14.079 --> 01:06:16.335 <i>But it was ash, not pumice,</i> 478 01:06:16.516 --> 01:06:18.477 <i>that posed the more immediate threat.</i> 479 01:06:18.478 --> 01:06:22.478 Help! Help me! 480 01:06:23.087 --> 01:06:30.950 <i>Volcanic ash isn't like ordinary ash. It contains silicone.</i> 481 01:06:30.951 --> 01:06:34.285 Please somebody, please help me! 482 01:06:34.286 --> 01:06:36.353 Please help! 483 01:06:36.354 --> 01:06:37.354 Help me, please! 484 01:06:37.799 --> 01:06:38.908 <i>Once inhaled,</i> 485 01:06:39.099 --> 01:06:43.901 <i>it mixes with the moisture in the lungs to form a liquid cement.</i> 486 01:06:48.458 --> 01:06:50.576 <i>It makes breathing difficult.</i> 487 01:06:58.178 --> 01:07:01.212 <i>Then impossible.</i> 488 01:07:55.354 --> 01:08:03.124 Rusa! Pinaruti! 489 01:08:04.251 --> 01:08:06.794 Where's Yishharu? - The priests came after us. 490 01:08:07.131 --> 01:08:10.527 They wanted me as a sacrifice. He said he'd be back. 491 01:08:12.414 --> 01:08:14.263 Rusa, we've got to go! 492 01:08:17.633 --> 01:08:21.856 Take her to her father in Crete. - No. No! 493 01:08:22.015 --> 01:08:27.381 No, I don't want to go without him. - Tie her up if you have to. - No! No! 494 01:08:28.471 --> 01:08:34.034 Rusa! Rusa! Let me go! 495 01:08:34.397 --> 01:08:35.406 Let me go! 496 01:08:55.243 --> 01:08:56.658 Where is Yishharu? 497 01:08:59.834 --> 01:09:03.339 Where is my son, you contemptible little coward? 498 01:09:03.872 --> 01:09:05.768 Sanctuary. 499 01:09:51.118 --> 01:09:53.835 Stop! - Out of my way! 500 01:10:02.232 --> 01:10:05.454 <i>As the crater widened, sea water poured into it.</i> 501 01:10:06.956 --> 01:10:11.128 <i>On contact with the magma, the water exploded as steam,</i> 502 01:10:11.787 --> 01:10:14.399 <i>triggering the next volcanic phase.</i> 503 01:10:35.430 --> 01:10:37.934 <i>The violent reaction between water and magma</i> 504 01:10:38.525 --> 01:10:41.087 <i>created a phreatomagmatic eruption.</i> 505 01:10:52.937 --> 01:10:55.721 <i>It's estimated the sound pressure from this explosion</i> 506 01:10:56.167 --> 01:10:58.560 <i>would have reached 300 decibels.</i> 507 01:11:12.501 --> 01:11:16.386 <i>The sheer force ripped rocks from inside the crater,</i> 508 01:11:17.005 --> 01:11:20.312 <i>catapulting them into the air like deadly missiles.</i> 509 01:11:21.378 --> 01:11:22.834 <i>Lava bombs.</i> 510 01:11:45.996 --> 01:11:49.937 <i>These burning chunks of magma can be the size of a small truck</i> 511 01:11:50.317 --> 01:11:51.581 <i>and weigh up to eight tons.</i> 512 01:12:40.461 --> 01:12:45.209 Turn back! Turn back! 513 01:12:46.987 --> 01:12:48.476 Turn back. 514 01:12:49.570 --> 01:12:51.306 There's nothing to go back to. 515 01:12:54.712 --> 01:13:01.780 Please, turn back. Please. 516 01:13:16.934 --> 01:13:18.187 <i>With the crater widening,</i> 517 01:13:18.515 --> 01:13:23.153 <i>the pressure forcing the column upwards started to drop.</i> 518 01:13:25.466 --> 01:13:29.090 <i>Gas and rock spilled from the sides of the collapsing column.</i> 519 01:13:40.324 --> 01:13:42.121 <i>Known as pyroclastic flows,</i> 520 01:13:42.555 --> 01:13:46.267 <i>these superheated waves of gas and rock reached speeds</i> 521 01:13:46.400 --> 01:13:49.031 <i>of up to 180 miles an hour,</i> 522 01:13:50.766 --> 01:13:54.723 <i>and temperatures of 700 degrees Celsius.</i> 523 01:14:51.820 --> 01:14:57.347 You've taken all that's precious to me. Is this all you have left?! 524 01:15:15.969 --> 01:15:17.141 Look! 525 01:15:17.772 --> 01:15:21.028 Look what your gods have done Bansabira... 526 01:15:23.005 --> 01:15:29.676 No matter what I can offer you, it'll never be enough. 527 01:16:00.448 --> 01:16:02.458 <i>As the pyroclastic flows hit the sea,</i> 528 01:16:03.002 --> 01:16:05.916 <i>hot ash caused the water surface to boil,</i> 529 01:16:07.806 --> 01:16:08.820 <i>propelling them along</i> 530 01:16:09.087 --> 01:16:15.332 <i>at an even faster speed on superheated beds of steam.</i> 531 01:16:23.271 --> 01:16:25.224 Come on, come on, row! 532 01:16:38.287 --> 01:16:40.901 Row, row, row, come on! 533 01:16:41.729 --> 01:16:43.725 Come on, row! 534 01:18:28.830 --> 01:18:30.376 <i>The deadly impact of the eruption</i> 535 01:18:30.930 --> 01:18:33.718 <i>extended far beyond the island of Thera.</i> 536 01:18:49.403 --> 01:18:50.724 <i>Hour after hour,</i> 537 01:18:50.724 --> 01:18:56.971 <i>Pyroclastic flows continiued pushing volcanic debris, out into the sea,</i> 538 01:18:58.340 --> 01:19:00.516 <i>generating huge waves.</i> 539 01:19:01.319 --> 01:19:03.574 <i>Tsunamis.</i> 540 01:19:08.124 --> 01:19:12.618 <i>People on the nearby island of Crete might have seen the warning signs.</i> 541 01:19:13.134 --> 01:19:15.530 <i>But had little time to react.</i> 542 01:19:56.281 --> 01:19:59.024 <i>Travelling at 200 miles an hour, it would have taken</i> 543 01:19:59.174 --> 01:20:03.232 <i>only 20 minutes for the first tsunami to reach Crete.</i> 544 01:20:04.595 --> 01:20:08.375 <i>Experts estimate that by the time the waves hit the coastline,</i> 545 01:20:09.089 --> 01:20:11.574 <i>they would have been over 60 feet high.</i> 546 01:21:08.187 --> 01:21:13.044 <i>New research has revealed that a series of tsunamis ravaged towns</i> 547 01:21:13.372 --> 01:21:16.103 <i>all along Crete's northern coastline for hours,</i> 548 01:21:16.623 --> 01:21:19.463 <i>if not days after the eruption.</i> 549 01:21:24.501 --> 01:21:27.699 <i>Killing an estimated 30,000 people.</i> 550 01:21:36.319 --> 01:21:42.007 <i>As for the people of Thera, only very few would have survived.</i> 551 01:21:54.287 --> 01:21:59.400 <i>Experts of the only now were able to determine thrue scale of the disaster.</i> 552 01:22:01.318 --> 01:22:04.619 <i>Recent investigations of the seabed around the island,</i> 553 01:22:04.981 --> 01:22:08.781 <i>have revieled the deposits from a Piroclastic flows.</i> 554 01:22:08.781 --> 01:22:16.054 <i>Extend as far out as 20 miles, reaching fitneses of 260 feet.</i> 555 01:22:27.989 --> 01:22:33.212 <i>Excavation of the island itself revieled the force of Piroclastic flows.</i> 556 01:22:33.693 --> 01:22:38.420 <i>Sheared of the upper stores of the buildings of Therra.</i> 557 01:22:48.573 --> 01:22:54.304 <i>They all were entombed under 60 feet of ash and pumice.</i> 558 01:23:27.185 --> 01:23:32.367 <i>It was one of the most violent vulcanic erruptions in human history.</i> 559 01:23:39.389 --> 01:23:41.513 <i>Three times larger than Krakatoa.</i> 560 01:23:43.619 --> 01:23:45.996 <i>100 times larger than Mount St Helens.</i> 561 01:23:47.377 --> 01:23:53.228 <i>And 40,000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima bomb.</i> 562 01:23:57.422 --> 01:24:00.257 <i>The ash from the eruption plunged the Mediterranean</i> 563 01:24:00.532 --> 01:24:01.694 <i>into weeks of darkness.</i> 564 01:24:03.167 --> 01:24:08.660 <i>Global temperatures dipped, stunting plant growth as far away as Britain.</i> 565 01:24:16.154 --> 01:24:21.336 <i>The impact of the erruption extended beyond the death toe.</i> 566 01:24:24.117 --> 01:24:27.266 <i>Minoan society was shaken to the core.</i> 567 01:24:33.307 --> 01:24:37.721 <i>Archaeological evidence reveals that there was deep social unrest.</i> 568 01:24:42.109 --> 01:24:45.955 <i>Towns and temple palaces were sacked and burnt.</i> 569 01:24:51.425 --> 01:24:53.672 <i>Humans sacrificed.</i> 570 01:24:56.170 --> 01:25:01.996 <i>Finally, a civilisation that had lasted for over 1,300 years</i> 571 01:25:02.401 --> 01:25:03.902 <i>was invaded and absorbed</i> 572 01:25:04.105 --> 01:25:08.096 <i>by a warring Greek tribe called the Mycenaeans.</i> 573 01:25:13.418 --> 01:25:20.017 <i>Stories of the disaster, however, were passed on, retold, embellished.</i> 574 01:25:36.947 --> 01:25:41.637 <i>In the 4th century BC they reached the Greek philosopher Plato.</i> 575 01:25:41.637 --> 01:25:45.426 <i>And inspired him to write a morality tale, about the rise</i> 576 01:25:45.521 --> 01:25:49.793 <i>and fall, of a great civilisation he called Atlantis.</i> 577 01:25:51.693 --> 01:25:56.099 <i>For centuries his tale has been discounted as a legend.</i> 578 01:25:56.833 --> 01:26:03.532 <i>Until archaeologists on Therra uncovered a lost world.</i> 579 01:26:08.260 --> 01:26:16.262 <i>From the evidence being unearthed here, Platos tale has found traction in thruth.</i> 580 01:26:17.357 --> 01:26:21.950 <i>He wrote, "The island consists of circular belts of sea and land,</i> 581 01:26:21.950 --> 01:26:24.004 <i>"enclosing one another.</i> 582 01:26:25.738 --> 01:26:28.089 <i>"A seaway and harbour filled with vessels</i> 583 01:26:28.189 --> 01:26:29.812 <i>"and merchants from all quarters.</i> 584 01:26:32.404 --> 01:26:33.939 <i>"And the wealth they possessed</i> 585 01:26:34.207 --> 01:26:38.154 <i>"was so immense, that the like had never been seen before.</i> 586 01:26:42.440 --> 01:26:46.588 <i>"In the sacred precincts of Poseidon there were bulls at large,</i> 587 01:26:46.833 --> 01:26:51.136 <i>"and the ten princess hunted after the bulls with staves and nooses.</i> 588 01:26:53.508 --> 01:26:57.079 <i>"Then there occurred portentous earthquakes and floods,</i> 589 01:26:57.270 --> 01:26:59.361 <i>"and one grievous day and night</i> 590 01:26:59.886 --> 01:27:03.951 <i>"the island of Atlantis was swallowed up by the sea...</i> 591 01:27:06.341 --> 01:27:07.636 <i>"..and vanished."</i> 592 01:27:18.514 --> 01:27:21.672 <i>And so a great and wonderful world,</i> 593 01:27:22.192 --> 01:27:26.217 <i>cut off in its prime by a disaster of cataclysmic proportions,</i> 594 01:27:27.003 --> 01:27:31.406 <i>became the birthplace of one of the greatest legends of all time...</i> 595 01:27:32.968 --> 01:27:36.324 <i>..Atlantis.</i> 596 01:27:37.776 --> 01:27:39.040 Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd 597 01:27:39.041 --> 01:27:39.918 E-mail [email protected] 598 01:27:40.872 --> 01:27:52.138 Fixed timings and added dialogs and narration --zoksihot-- 599 01:27:52.898 --> 01:27:57.168 March 2012 --zoksihot-- 600 01:28:00.050 --> 01:28:02.584 T H E E N D